During the conversion of pyruvate into the acetyl group, a molecule of carbon dioxide and two high-energy electrons are removed. Figure 6. Two ATP molecules are invested in the first half and four ATP molecules are formed by substrate phosphorylation during the second half. This form produces ATP. Step in Cellular Respiration Reactants Products (include #’s) Location Glycolysis Glucose, 2ATP, 2NAD+, 4ADP 2Pyruvic Acid, 2 ADP, 2NADH, 4ATP Cytoplasm of Cell Acetyl CoA Formation 2Pyruvic Acid, 2NAD+ 2AcetylCoA, 2CO2, 2NADH Matrix of Mitochondria Krebs Cycle 2 AcetylCoA, 6NAD+, 2FAD+, 2ADP 4CO2, 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2ATP Matrix of One form is found in tissues that use large amounts of ATP, such as heart and skeletal muscle. The conversion is a three-step process (Figure 5). In this pathway, phosphofructokinase is a rate-limiting enzyme. [4 pts] Consider the reactants and products of cellular respiration, what do you think are three good ways to assess the rate of cellular respirations, i.e., what can you measure as a proxy for respiration rate? This single pathway is called by different names, but we will primarily call it the Citric Acid Cycle. Unit 2: Discussion 2: 1. In this oxidation process, a carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate, creating acetyl groups, which compound with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl CoA. Chemical potential energy stored within the glucose molecule has been transferred to electron carriers or has been used to synthesize a few ATPs. Since ATP cannot be formed, the energy from electron transport is lost as heat. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. The citric acid cycle is considered an aerobic pathway because the NADH and FADH2 it produces act as temporary electron storage compounds, transferring their electrons to the next pathway (electron transport chain), which uses atmospheric oxygen. After DNP poisoning, the electron transport chain can no longer form a proton gradient, and ATP synthase can no longer make ATP. H2O, NAD+, FAD+ • Aerobic/Anaerobic The main product of cellular respiration is ATP; waste products include carbon dioxide and water. Respiration in Plants: When most people are asked the color of plants, the first thought that comes to mind is green. If NAD+ is not available, the second half of glycolysis slows down or stops. The uneven distribution of H+ ions across the membrane establishes both concentration and electrical gradients (thus, an electrochemical gradient), owing to the hydrogen ions’ positive charge and their aggregation on one side of the membrane. What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis based on their reactants and products? 2 Pyruvate. As you have learned earlier, these FAD+ molecules can transport fewer ions; consequently, fewer ATP molecules are generated when FAD+ acts as a carrier. Figure 7. Each turn of the citric acid cycle provides a net gain of CO2, 1 GTP or ATP, and 3 NADH and 1 FADH2. energy electrons to the electron transport chain). This short quiz does not count toward your grade in the class, and you can retake it an unlimited number of times. The sixth step in glycolysis (Figure 3) oxidizes the sugar (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), extracting high-energy electrons, which are picked up by the electron carrier NAD+, producing NADH. Start studying Cellular Respiration: Reactants and Products. Step 6. However, most cells undergo pyruvate oxidation and continue to the other pathways of cellular respiration. Through a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. 4. Chloroplast. Modification of Glycolysis metabolic pathway 3 annotated. In the seventh step, catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase (an enzyme named for the reverse reaction), 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate donates a high-energy phosphate to ADP, forming one molecule of ATP. In respect to this, what are the reactants and products of cellular respiration? Mature mammalian red blood cells are not capable of aerobic respiration—the process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen—and glycolysis is their sole source of ATP. Cellular respiration steps reactants and products. Now that we’ve learned how autotrophs like plants convert sunlight to sugars, let’s take a look at how all eukaryotes—which includes humans!—make use of those sugars. In eukaryotes, this pathway takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Then, in prokaryotes, pyruvate can only enter fermentation, which allows glycolysis to continue "upstream" through the … carbon dioxide and water. In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular activity. This energy is used in substrate-level phosphorylation (during the conversion of the succinyl group to succinate) to form either guanine triphosphate (GTP) or ATP. Step 1. Tags: Question 15 . Many enzymes in enzymatic pathways are named for the reverse reactions, since the enzyme can catalyze both forward and reverse reactions. Here again is a potential limiting factor for this pathway. Oxygen continuously diffuses into plants; in animals, it enters the body through the respiratory system. DNP is an effective diet drug because it uncouples ATP synthesis; in other words, after taking it, a person obtains less energy out of the food he or she eats. Recall that the production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation. Step six is a dehydration process that converts succinate into fumarate. Recall that many ions cannot diffuse through the nonpolar regions of phospholipid membranes without the aid of ion channels. This enzyme and FADH2 form a small complex that delivers electrons directly to the electron transport chain, bypassing the first complex. In the second step of glycolysis, an isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate into one of its isomers, fructose-6-phosphate. Cellular respiration steps reactants and products. In the second half, the “energy releasing: steps, 4 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH are released. This process is made possible by the localization of the enzyme catalyzing this step inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The cytochromes hold an oxygen molecule very tightly between the iron and copper ions until the oxygen is completely reduced. List the products of cellular respiration. Two carbon atoms come into the citric acid cycle from each acetyl group, representing four out of the six carbons of one glucose molecule. Cellular Respiration: is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. This reaction prevents the phosphorylated glucose molecule from continuing to interact with the GLUT proteins, and it can no longer leave the cell because the negatively charged phosphate will not allow it to cross the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. glucose combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. This complex protein acts as a tiny generator, turned by the force of the hydrogen ions diffusing through it, down their electrochemical gradient. A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration of an organism. Step 3. The enzyme catalyzing this step is a mutase (a type of isomerase). The common feature of all electron transport chains is the presence of a proton pump to create a proton gradient across a membrane. It is broken down into co2 and h2o in presence of o2, with the liberation of energy in form of atp molecules. The rate of this reaction is controlled by negative feedback and the amount of ATP available. Keeping this in consideration, what are the reactants and products of cellular respiration? Then, Use The Terms To Complete The Concept Map. In step two, citrate loses one water molecule and gains another as citrate is converted into its isomer, isocitrate. Figure 9. Cellular respiration extracts the energy from the bonds in glucose and converts it into a form that all living things can use. Glucose catabolism connects with the pathways that build or break down all other biochemical compounds in cells, and the result is somewhat messier than the ideal situations described thus far. If oxygen is available in the system, the NADH will be oxidized readily, though indirectly, and the high-energy electrons from the hydrogen released in this process will be used to produce ATP. Question: Place The Reactants And Products Of Cellular Respiration And Photosythesis Into The Appropriate Category Below, Noting The Similarities And Differences Between These Equations. This pathway traps the glucose molecule in the cell and uses energy to modify it so that the six-carbon sugar molecule can be split evenly into the two three-carbon molecules. The last step in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (the enzyme in this case is named for the reverse reaction of pyruvate’s conversion into PEP) and results in the production of a second ATP molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation and the compound pyruvic acid (or its salt form, pyruvate). Therefore, a concentration gradient forms in which hydrogen ions diffuse out of the matrix space by passing through ATP synthase. The lactic acid fermentation reactants are glucose, adp, nadh. Each turn of the cycle forms three NADH molecules and one FADH2 molecule. The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is such that the products of one process are the reactants of the other. Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6.) Some Labels Will Not Be Used. Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This complex contains two heme groups (one in each of the two cytochromes, a, and a3) and three copper ions (a pair of CuA and one CuB in cytochrome a3). In layman's terms, respiration is the oxidation of sugar (oxidation releases energy from chemical bonds) which is coupled with the reduction of various molecules (reduction is the opposite reaction where energy is stored in the form of a new chemical bond in the receiving molecule) which are then oxidized so as to reduce an ADP into ATP. These carriers will connect with the last portion of aerobic respiration to produce ATP molecules. In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group from acetyl CoA is attached to a four-carbon oxaloacetate molecule to form a six-carbon citrate molecule. Lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, are also made from intermediates in these pathways, and both amino acids and triglycerides are broken down for energy through these pathways. An isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a molecule into one of its isomers. Glycolysis products. The first half is known as the “energy requiring” steps. Another factor that affects the yield of ATP molecules generated from glucose is the fact that intermediate compounds in these pathways are used for other purposes. Note that during the second stage of glucose metabolism, whenever a carbon atom is removed, it is bound to two oxygen atoms, producing carbon dioxide, one of the major end products of cellular respiration. At this point, the glucose molecule that originally entered cellular respiration has been completely oxidized. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis share a relationship because they contain the same products in the way of producing energy but in opposite manners. Enolase catalyzes the ninth step. A carbonyl group on the 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is oxidized to a carboxyl group, and 3-phosphoglycerate is formed. CELLULAR RESPIRATION: • Cellular Respiration Equation (Products and Reactants) C6H12O6 + O2 Æ CO2 + H2O + ENERGY REACTANTS PRODUCTS • Oxidation/Reduction (include examples) o Oxidation: Lose Electrons (LEO) Ex. This step is also regulated by negative feedback from ATP and NADH, and a positive effect of ADP. At this point in the pathway, there is a net investment of energy from two ATP molecules in the breakdown of one glucose molecule. Glycolysis consists of ten steps divided into two distinct halves. Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. carbon dioxide and water. There are two halves of glycolysis, with five steps in each half. Question: Place The Reactants And Products Of Cellular Respiration And Photosythesis Into The Appropriate Category Below, Noting The Similarities And Differences Between These Equations. For example, the number of hydrogen ions that the electron transport chain complexes can pump through the membrane varies between species. The newly added high-energy phosphates further destabilize fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? This pathway breaks down 1 glucose molecule and produces 2 pyruvate molecules. A hummingbird needs energy to maintain prolonged flight. Find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises. If NAD is depleted, skip I: FADH2 starts on II. Note that the second phosphate group does not require another ATP molecule. It is important to remember that each glucose molecule is split into two pyruvate molecules, which are converted into the acetyl-CoA that move through the Krebs cycle. Thus, electrons are picked up on the inside of mitochondria by either NAD+ or FAD+. This form produces GTP. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) and Water (H 2 O) What are the three stages of cellular respiration? In prokaryotes it occurs in the plasma membrane. Moreover, the five-carbon sugars that form nucleic acids are made from intermediates in glycolysis. Step 1. Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. (The NADH generated from glycolysis cannot easily enter mitochondria.) It was probably one of the earliest metabolic pathways to evolve and is used by nearly all of the organisms on earth. If the concentration of pyruvate kinase is high enough, the second half of glycolysis can proceed. In this process, the pyruvate created by glycolysis is oxidized. What are the reactants and products of aerobic cellular respiration? Complex I can pump four hydrogen ions across the membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space, and it is in this way that the hydrogen ion gradient is established and maintained between the two compartments separated by the inner mitochondrial membrane. You will have to include the reactants and products of both processes in your answer. The electrons passing through the electron transport chain gradually lose energy, High-energy electrons donated to the chain by either NADH or FADH2 complete the chain, as low-energy electrons reduce oxygen molecules and form water. The main product of cellular respiration is ATP ; waste products include carbon dioxide and water. For example, sugars other than glucose are fed into the glycolytic pathway for energy extraction. Step 6. Complex III pumps protons through the membrane and passes its electrons to cytochrome c for transport to the fourth complex of proteins and enzymes (cytochrome c is the acceptor of electrons from Q; however, whereas Q carries pairs of electrons, cytochrome c can accept only one at a time). Glycolysis consists of two parts: The first part prepares the six-carbon ring of glucose for cleavage into two three-carbon sugars. This process also releases CO2. The pH of the intermembrane space would increase, the pH gradient would decrease, and ATP synthesis would stop. This enzyme causes 2-phosphoglycerate to lose water from its structure; this is a dehydration reaction, resulting in the formation of a double bond that increases the potential energy in the remaining phosphate bond and produces phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Nearly all living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. A prosthetic group is a non-protein molecule required for the activity of a protein. in cellular resp. Unlike glycolysis, the citric acid cycle is a closed loop: The last part of the pathway regenerates the compound used in the first step. The reactants needed for cellular respiration are produced during photosynthesis while the products from cellular respiration are used as reactants in photosynthesis. Interestingly, one of the worst side effects of this drug is hyperthermia, or overheating of the body. Glycolysis begins with the six carbon ring-shaped structure of a single glucose molecule and ends with two molecules of a three-carbon sugar called pyruvate (Figure 1). Prior to the start of the first step, pyruvate oxidation must occur. Acetyl CoA can be used in a variety of ways by the cell, but its major function is to deliver the acetyl group derived from pyruvate to the next stage of the pathway in glucose catabolism. 10. true or false- The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration. However, most of the ATP generated during the aerobic catabolism of glucose is not generated directly from these pathways. Important things to remember about glycolysis: It is part of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis 2. Steps three and four are both oxidation and decarboxylation steps, which release electrons that reduce NAD+ to NADH and release carboxyl groups that form CO2 molecules. The electrons temporarily stored in molecules of NADH and FADH2 are used to generate ATP in a subsequent pathway. The electron transport chain is made up of 4 proteins along the membrane and a proton pump. answer choices . Cellular respiration is a collection of three unique metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. If glycolysis is interrupted, these cells lose their ability to maintain their sodium-potassium pumps, and eventually, they die. glucose and oxygen. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The source of energy for all living organisms is ___. The reduced oxygen then picks up two hydrogen ions from the surrounding medium to make water (H2O). Similarly, what are the reactants and the products of glycolysis? The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, acetyl CoA delivers its acetyl group to a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, to form citrate, a six-carbon molecule with three carboxyl groups; this pathway will harvest the remainder of the extractable energy from what began as a glucose molecule. NAD+ is reduced to NADH. You have just read about two pathways in cellular respiration—glycolysis and the citric acid cycle—that generate ATP. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, while the other two pathways are aerobic. List 3 types of photoautotrophs and give an example organism for each. There are four complexes composed of proteins, labeled I through IV in Figure 7, and the aggregation of these four complexes, together with associated mobile, accessory electron carriers, is called the electron transport chain. CoA is made from vitamin B5, pantothenic acid. 2 NADH; 4 ATP (net 2); 2 Pyruvate. The result of this step is a two-carbon hydroxyethyl group bound to the enzyme (pyruvate dehydrogenase). glucose and oxygen. oxygen and carbon dioxide. If ATP is in short supply, the rate increases. Water is also created during cellular respiration. Step 2. http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.8, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glycolysis_metabolic_pathway_3_annotated.svg, https://www.oppia.org/explore/LG5n93fp89oh, Describe the process of glycolysis and identify its reactants and products, Describe the process of pyruvate oxidation and identify its reactants and products, Describe the process of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and identify its reactants and products, Describe the respiratory chain (electron transport chain) and its role in cellular respiration. Like the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of mitochondria.This single pathway is called by different names: the citric acid cycle (for the first intermediate formed—citric acid, or citrate—when acetate joins to the oxaloacetate), the TCA cycle (since citric acid or citrate and isocitrate are tricarboxylic acids), and the Krebs cycle, after Hans Krebs, who first identified the steps in the pathway in the 1930s in pigeon flight muscles. Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. It is the only part of cellular respiration that directly consumes oxygen; however, in some prokaryotes, this is an anaerobic pathway. The overall result of these reactions is the production of ATP from the energy of the electrons removed from hydrogen atoms. Several of the intermediate compounds in the citric acid cycle can be used in synthesizing non-essential amino acids; therefore, the cycle is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic). The first step in glycolysis is catalyzed by hexokinase, an enzyme with broad specificity that catalyzes the phosphorylation of six-carbon sugars. To start, two electrons are carried to the first complex aboard NADH. It uses two ATP molecules but ends up forming four ATP molecules. The resulting acetyl CoA can enter several pathways, but most often, the acetyl group is delivered to the citric acid cycle for further catabolism. This means that. Thus, pyruvate kinase is a rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis. When there is more ATP available, the rate slows down; when there is less ATP the rate increases. Thus, if there is “sufficient” ATP in the system, the pathway slows down. The sugar is then phosphorylated by the addition of a second phosphate group, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. (credit: modification of work by “Yikrazuul”/Wikimedia Commons). α-Ketoglutarate is the product of step three, and a succinyl group is the product of step four. In step five, a phosphate group is substituted for coenzyme A, and a high-energy bond is formed. ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H+) gradient to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The eight steps of the cycle are a series of redox, dehydration, hydration, and decarboxylation reactions that produce two carbon dioxide molecules, one GTP/ATP, and reduced forms of NADH and FADH2 (Figure 6). One molecule of either GTP or ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation on each turn of the cycle. A carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate, releasing a molecule of carbon dioxide into the surrounding medium. These transporters assist in the facilitated diffusion of glucose. Step 2. Step 5. Pyruvate Oxidation reactants. This pathway is a closed loop: the final step produces the compound needed for the first step. After cyanide poisoning, the electron transport chain can no longer pump electrons into the intermembrane space. Cytochrome proteins have a prosthetic group of heme. water and glucose. In the process, three NAD+ molecules are reduced to NADH, one FAD molecule is reduced to FADH2, and one ATP or GTP (depending on the cell type) is produced (by substrate-level phosphorylation). They are responsible for breaking down organic molecules, like glucose. The number of ATP molecules generated from the catabolism of glucose varies. Once it is reduced, (QH2), ubiquinone delivers its electrons to the next complex in the electron transport chain. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Here’s the equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2 The reactants of photosynthesis are: 1. Each Answer Dock May Require One Or Several Labels. If ATP levels increase, the rate of this reaction decreases. This preview shows page 1 - 3 out of 4 pages. This is considered an aerobic pathway because the NADH and FADH2 produced must transfer their electrons to the next pathway in the system, which will use oxygen. What you’ll learn to do: Identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration and where these reactions occur in a cell. FMN, which is derived from vitamin B2, also called riboflavin, is one of several prosthetic groups or co-factors in the electron transport chain. The number of ATP molecules ultimately obtained is directly proportional to the number of protons pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting compound is called acetyl CoA. Cellular respiration is the process responsible for converting chemical energy, and the reactants/products involved in cellular respiration are oxygen, glucose (sugar), carbon dioxide, and water. The enzyme that catalyzes step four is regulated by feedback inhibition of ATP, succinyl CoA, and NADH. What are the products of cellular respiration? So far, glycolysis has cost the cell two ATP molecules and produced two small, three-carbon sugar molecules. This gives a. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular activity. Step 4. Since these electrons bypass and thus do not energize the proton pump in the first complex, fewer ATP molecules are made from the FADH2 electrons. The second form of the enzyme is found in tissues that have a high number of anabolic pathways, such as liver. Step 2. Briefly differentiate between the two processes, including the reactants and products of both and the relative energy yield. The high-energy electrons from NADH will be used later to generate ATP. Step 10. Autotrophs (like plants) produce glucose during photosynthesis. While the process can seem complex, this page takes you through the key elements of each part of cellular respiration. the reactants in cellular respiration are oxygen and glucose and the end product is carbon dioxide and water and energy is given off in the form of ATP. Then, both plants and consumers, such as animals, undergo a series of metabolic pathways—collectively called cellular respiration. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 2. The carbon dioxide accounts for two (conversion of two pyruvate molecules) of the six carbons of the original glucose molecule. Then, the first step of the cycle begins: This is a condensation step, combining the two-carbon acetyl group with a four-carbon oxaloacetate molecule to form a six-carbon molecule of citrate. This causes hydrogen ions to accumulate within the matrix space. Cellular respiration steps reactants and products. The mechanism of cellular respiration harbours four subdivisions; glycolysis,in which glucose molecules are broken down to procure pyruvic acid molecules; Krebs cycle, in which pyruvic acid is further broken down by the help of enzymes to yield four high energy compounds, including three NADH and one FADH2; the electron transport chain,in which electrons are transported … They are responsible for breaking down organic molecules, like glucose. These atoms come from the glucose and oxygen reactants of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is a process that all living things use to convert glucose into energy. Step 5. This change from phosphoglucose to phosphofructose allows the eventual split of the sugar into two three-carbon molecules. Another source of variance stems from the shuttle of electrons across the membranes of the mitochondria. Glycolysis is the first pathway in cellular respiration. The reactants of cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen and the products are ATP energy, carbon dioxide and water. The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is such that the products of one system are the reactants of the other. In this situation, the entire glycolysis pathway will proceed, but only two ATP molecules will be made in the second half. In the process, carbon dioxide is released and one molecule of NADH is formed. Step 3. Explain the reactants and products of cellular respiration from the equation; Practice Exams. Upon entering the mitochondrial matrix, a multi-enzyme complex converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA. As a result, the iron ion at its core is reduced and oxidized as it passes the electrons, fluctuating between different oxidation states: Fe++ (reduced) and Fe+++ (oxidized). 1. The continuation of the reaction depends upon the availability of the oxidized form of the electron carrier, NAD+. The turning of parts of this molecular machine facilitates the addition of a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP, using the potential energy of the hydrogen ion gradient. The end products of the electron transport chain are water and ATP. Complex II directly receives FADH2, which does not pass through complex I. Overall, in living systems, these pathways of glucose catabolism extract about 34 percent of the energy contained in glucose. Step 7. The cellular respiration process occurs in eukaryotes and technically spans glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC).This is because all cells initially treat glucose the same way – by running it through glycolysis. In chemiosmosis, the free energy from the series of redox reactions just described is used to pump hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane. List the reactants of photosynthesis. Identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration and where these reactions occur in a cell. Question: Survey The Landscape - Cellular Respiration Reactants And Products Review The Overall Equation Of Cellular Respiration. What effect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Two carbon dioxide molecules are released on each turn of the cycle; however, these do not necessarily contain the most recently added carbon atoms. It is active when the concentration of ADP is high; it is less active when ADP levels are low and the concentration of ATP is high. And cellular respiration DNP ) is an example organism for each to phosphofructose allows the eventual split of electron. Proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins from pathways! 2 O ) what are the reactants and the products of one system are the reactants and products of respiration... They contain the same products in reactants and products of cellular respiration process that converts succinate into fumarate serve as energy sources the. 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