Chettikurichi Schools and colleges . Manikumar explains how Kamaraj initiated countermeasures that steadily eroded the Thevar support base. But it has heavy ramifications on the current socio-political situation of TN. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. The Tyranny of Merit: What’s Become of the Common Good? I have just laid the facts before the readers. Manikumar argues that it was imperative for the Congress and its Chief Minister K. Kamaraj (since 1957), a Nadar by caste, to break the Thevar domination in East Ramanathapuram, where tensions between Thevars and Pallars had been simmering since 1955. The resources needed to keep up the good work that Frontline has been doing for the past 35 years and more are immense. Subscribe to The Frontline now and get unlimited access. 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Panikkar, convened a peace meeting at Mudukulathur on September 10, 1957, which was attended by Muthuramalinga Thevar and his men, Perumal Peter and Immanuel Sekaran, and Veluchamy Nadar, a representative of the Nadar caste. This year more than 5 were shot dead during the same day and Emergency was placed in those districts. A well-researched attempt to document the social conflict, the book traces the history of the Mudukulathur riots. The material sourced by the author, including the peace document, has helped him substantiate his claim that there was more to the riots than meets the eye. He refers to the editorial, titled “Stop the rot”, in The Hindu of September 22, 1957: “It is difficult to believe that the flare-up is wholly spontaneous….”. IT is quite paradoxical that a socially progressive State such as Tamil Nadu should have a long and despicable track record of discriminatory practices against Dalits. The incident had happened in the 1950s. In-depth analysis of issues and events in India and around the world. The hatred for each other during the last two months resulted in a number of clashes between these two parties and was responsible for creating tension in this taluk.”, An analysis of the pattern of the conflagrations in the book indicates that the murder of Immanuel Sekaran “did not evoke any organised protest from the Dalit community [immediately]” since the caste violence “had been fierce with battles involving Thevars on one side and Pallars and Nadars on the other”. September 11th, Immanuvel’s death anniversary is an important day for Pallars; more than 50,000 from all parts of the state assemble at his memorial in Paramakudi town. The following day Immanuel was killed. Muthuramalinga Thevar, who is seen as a community leader of the powerful Mukkulathor community particularly in Southern Tamil Nadu… October 30, is celebrated by the Mukkulathor community people as ‘Thevar Guru Poojai’… this grand pooja attracts political leaders cutting across party lines and people belonging to that community use to pay their tributes to Muthuramalinga Thevar. Media reports said the student was murdered as a result of posters denigrating Muthuramalinga Thevar, put up by dalits. The author K.A. This video is unavailable. To get the free app, enter mobile phone number. Ramanathapuram District is an administrative district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India.The city of Ramanathapuram is the district headquarters. However, he adds that “[Muthuramalinga] Thevar’s actions after Independence wiped clean his nationalist legacy”. Many have written well-researched volumes on the riots and its repercussions, both in Tamil and English. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in. Immanuel Sekaran was a prominent social reformer and freedom fighter. in 1957, were not able to “reconcile [themselves] to the present democratic conditions and cannot believe that the feudal system is vanishing fast”. October 30th is the birth anniversary of Muthuramalinga T and is a celebrated as ‘Thevar Thirunal’ (Thevar fest) in … A few others are Sri. Watch Queue Queue. The murder of Immanuel Sekaran, though it had “conscientised the Pallars about their rights”, could not be termed as “the” reason behind the clashes, says the author. To pay by cash, place cash on top of the delivery box and step back. The leaders brought all caste-based atrocities to the notice of the state. Ikigai: The Japanese secret to a long and happy life, Coromandel: A Personal History of South India, Half a Day For Caste ? It is also true that in this surcharged environment, genuine and objective works of a few writers and historians have been distorted and sometimes even dismissed as being “casteist”. The Thevars remember the riots as “state violence,” unleashed by the then Congress government led by K. Kamaraj, to destroy the esteem their leader, Muthuramalinga Thevar, enjoyed among the members of his caste and the caste’s dominance in the region. His determination won the appreciation of those who had been disillusioned with the disruptive politics of Thevar.” At the same time, he takes pains to refute the allegation that Kamaraj instigated the Pallars against the Thevars in order to safeguard the Nadar community. Dalit assertion today is growing, with a new breed of educated and economically empowered Dalits, including a tiny group of radical Ambedkarites, active in the social and literary arenas, besides engaging themselves in grass-roots-level activism. Murder in Mudukulathur is the first extended study of this watershed moment. But most of the works have been written from a caste perspective. He argues that the differences between the two political parties, the All India Forward Bloc, led by Muthuramalinga Thevar, and the Congress, led by Kamaraj, were the main source of the hatred between the Thevars and the Pallars and between the Nadars and the Thevars. Scholarly account of not just the incident but also about caste politics in TN. History and Detailed Information guide of Chettikurichi , People and near by Tourist Places in Chettikurichi. On the other hand, the Thevars remained backward in education and, as noted in a Government Order (G.O.) It made them aware of their socially and constitutionally guaranteed rights to dignity and livelihood, and they began asserting themselves. Memories of the Mudukulathur riots have been moulded to perpetuate and intensify caste conflict in the region ever since. Not just this, we also had to deal with the regular annual challenges such as the Thiyagi Immanuvel Sekaran Memorial Day at Paramakudi, and the Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar Guru Puja at Pasumpon which were totally incident-free. By then, the animosity between Muthuramalinga Thevar and Kamaraj had become intense. Manikumar says that the purpose of his study is not to evaluate the two personalities involved, Muthuramalinga Thevar and K. Kamaraj, but to narrate the sequence of developments leading to the caste conflagration of 1957. Quoting from the minutes of the peace meeting, the author says that Muthuramalinga Thevar had accused Nadars of distributing firearms to “Harijans and Nadars to destroy the Thevar community”. Manikumar details how the incidents unfolded and resulted in one of the worst riots Tamil Nadu has ever witnessed. The Nadars accused the Thevars of organising a boycott of Nadar shops. The PILs sought ban on processions by political parties and other outfits to pay homage to political leaders On the basis of the Venkateshwaran commission’s report, the government arrested Muthuramalinga Thevar under the Preventive Detention Act on September 28, 1957. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. It is a long journey indeed. Manikumar quotes from G.O. Copyright © 2021, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. 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Shanta (1927-2021), doyen of cancer care, passes away, Book Review: K.A. In his concluding chapter, the author says that there was no immediate reaction to the murder as “it would take time to germinate”. It is against this backdrop that any writing on sensitive issues such as the Mudukulathur riots, including Manikumar’s book under review, has to be viewed. The dominance of Muthuramalinga Thevar and his All India Forward Bloc in East Ramanathapuram district and the Rajaji-led Congress Reform Committee, a breakaway faction of the Congress, which supported Muthuramalinga Thevar, was an embarrassment to the Congress. Here again, dalit leaders didn’t act in support of their community, but maintain good relations with Christian clergy and Church leaders. Panikkar, convened a peace meeting at Mudukulathur on September 10, 1957, which was attended by Muthuramalinga Thevar and his men, Perumal Peter and Immanuel Sekaran, and Veluchamy Nadar, a representative of the Nadar caste. (P. Kakkan, a Dalit leader, was a Minister in the Kamaraj government then.) “The Congress,” he agrees, “projected itself as the defender of Dalit interests in Ramanathapuram district.” The Pallars seemed to have received more relief than the Thevars during and in the aftermath of the riots. One day brief read on the happening and preset of Thiyagi Immanuvel Sekaran murder and riots that followed. Amazon directly manages delivery for this product. The Ramanathapuram Collector, C.V.R. In 1957, intense caste violence broke out in south-eastern Tamil Nadu between the regionally dominant caste of Thevars, and Devendrakula Vellalars (Pallars), a Dalit community. Chettikurichi Village Map. Thevar dominance was such that they were a “law unto themselves” in the region. His observation that “conflict in any society is often an outcome of political, social and economical change” sets the tone and tenor of his work. Most people have only the vaguest notion of a layer of identification that is quite distinct from IP Addresses. No customer signatures are required at the time of delivery. However, there was no one to guide and organise them properly. N. Ram, Chairman, THG Publishing Private Limited, who spoke on the occasion, said: “The author should be praised for providing a critical historical account of what happened in 1957 and for treading a difficult ground as it could lead to a reaction.” The author has anchored his arguments in archived records, quoting extensively from various sources, especially the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly’s debates and notes on the failed no-confidence motion moved against the then Congress government, to explain the politics behind the clashes. Enjoy reading as many articles as you wish without any limitations. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. As the distribution of printed copies is unlikely to resume any time soon, Frontline will come to you only through the digital platform until the return of normality. Manikumar is careful not to romanticise the issue, being fully aware of the need to make an honest assessment as it has the potential to influence sociopolitical narratives in Tamil Nadu and draw flak from casteist elements that are perennially in denial mode and refuse to view the past with a historical perspective. For Pay-on-Delivery orders, we recommend paying using Credit card/Debit card/Netbanking via the pay-link sent via SMS at the time of delivery. After Mudukulathur, the major act of Dalit assertion resulting in violent flare-ups happened in Bodinayakkanur in today’s Theni district in Tamil Nadu in the 1980s. It is on record, Sir, that Sri Muthuramalinga Thevar who attended the Conference questioned the leadership of one Sri Emmanuel, Leader of the Local Depressed Classes League, who was representing the Harijans, Sri Thevar is reported to have asked Emmanuel whether he could pose as a Leader of the same stature as Sri Thevar, and whether his assurances on behalf of the Harijans were worth having." It created a deep chasm between the two communities which is only worsening year after year mainly due to votebank politics. Chettikurichi population.Chettikurichi is a Village in Manur Block in Tirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu State . Watch Queue Queue In the years following the riots both communities have used the memory of Mudukulathur for political mobilisation, and the event continues to have strong resonance in contemporary politics. In 1952 the Congress came to power and in 1957, it returned to power amid the emergence of regional parties, mainly the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The Pallars recollect the riots as the first bold sign of resistance against the caste-based slavery they had languished under for centuries. October 30th is the birth anniversary of Muthuramalinga T and is a celebrated as ‘Thevar Thirunal’ (Thevar fest) in his birthplace Pasumpon. Avail No Cost EMI on select cards for orders above ₹3000, 5% Instant discount with HSBC Cashback card. Muthuramalinga Thevar questioned the participation of Immanuel Sekaran, saying that “he [Muthuramalinga Thevar] was the sole representative of both Thevars and Pallars”. Their assertions took the shape of a movement after educated leaders started emerging from within. The Communist Party of India was denied permission to attend it. To continue enjoying Frontline, you can turn off your adblocker or subscribe to Frontline digital. This seemingly caused a shift in the political and caste symmetry in the region. You have reached your limit for free articles this month. K.A. They first mobilised under the leadership of Perumal Peter and then Immanuel Sekaran and his Depressed Class Youth League, besides getting “identified politically with the ruling Congress party”. The police firing at Keelathooval village, which resulted in the death of five Thevar men on September 14, 1957, “was the outcome of the government’s determination to adopt a tough stand against Thevars”, according to Manikumar. Immanuvel Sekaran Yar Kolaiyanathu Eppadi Yaral Etharkaga #ImmanuvelSekaran #MuthuramalingaThevar #Muthukulathur. There was also an informal agreement with the Communist Party of India, which did not oppose the CRC. Assigned to every device is a label that can be used to track its location. A contemporary of Dr. Ambedkar, he was a Dalit leader who fought against caste discrimination and untouchability in southern Tamil Nadu. 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