His yearly salary was 40,000 pesos. Manila was also the ecclesiastical capital of the Philippines. Spain had control of the Philippines for more than 300 years, so it’s no surprise that there are many Filipino customs, traditions, and cultural norms that can be traced back to the Spanish. Any native or Chinese mestizo, 25 years old, proficient in oral or written Spanish and has been a cabeza de barangay of 4 years can be a gobernadorcillo. The conditions of the armistice included the self-exile of Aguinaldo and his officers in exchange for $800,000 or 40,104,392.82542 pesos to be paid by the colonial government. That year the Dutch promised the natives of Mindanao that they would return in 1649 with aid in support of a revolt against the Spanish. The Spanish silver peso worth eight reales was first introduced by the Magellan expedition of 1521 and brought in large quantities by the Manila galleons after the 1565 conquest of the Philippines. As of Jan 21 21. On November 19 or 20, 1564, a Spanish expedition of 500 men led by Miguel López de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad, in present-day Mexico. The Spaniards started to explore the Philippines in the early 16th century when Ferdinand Magellan led a Spanish expedition to the Spice Islands and reached Cebu in 1521. This could be augmented through the special privilege of "indulto de commercio" where all people were forced to do business with him. In 1570 Martín de Goiti, whom Legazpi had dispatched to Luzon, conquered Manila, then a puppet-state of the Sultanate of Brunei. As a result of these policies the Philippine population increased exponentially.[20][21]. Under Spanish rule, Catholic missionaries converted most of the lowland inhabitants to Christianity. Among the early proponents of Filipino nationalism were the Insulares Padre Pedro Peláez, archbishop of Manila, who fought for the secularization of Philippine churches and expulsion of the friars; Padre José Burgos whose execution influenced the national hero José Rizal; and Joaquín Pardo de Tavera who fought for retention of government positions by natives, regardless of race. The foundations of teacher education in the Philippines were laid by the Spanish government during the mid-eighteenth century. The previously dominant groups resisted Spanish rule, refusing to pay Spanish taxes and rejecting Spanish excesses. Although the Filipinos … [29], While the trade did bring some results which were beneficial to the Philippines, most effects were disadvantageous. "sons of the country"). Such was the state of culture of the Filipinos when Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines at the head of a Spanish expedition searching for the Spice Islands in 1521. Spanish-Filipino forces kept the British confined to Manila. Pn Strategic Sail Plan 2020 Quiz Pn Strategic Sail Plan 2020 Quiz Pre-Colonial Period: The History Of The Philippines Quiz Pre-Colonial Period: The History Of The Philippines Quiz The socioeconomic consequences of the Spanish policies that accompanied this shift reinforced class differences. Average score for this quiz is 10 / 15.Difficulty: Average.Played 5,148 times. Some its members included José Rizal, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Baldomero Roxas, and Galicano Apacible. The time that the Philippines was under Spanish rule makes up a major part of their history. In the Philippines, due to limited resources of toys of Filipino children, they usually come up on inventing games without the need of anything but the players themselves. To dance the Tinikling, you need two pairs of bamboo poles that are each 6–12 feet long (about 1.8–3.7 meters). E-mail Citation » A hefty tome close to 500 pages in length; the prolific and esteemed Filipino historian Gregorio Zaide organized an excellent survey. Friars marched with soldiers and soon accomplished the nominal conversion to Roman Catholicism of all the local people under Spanish administration. The datus and other representatives of the old noble class took advantage of the introduction of the Western concept of absolute ownership of land to claim as their own fields cultivated by their various retainers, even though traditional land rights had been limited to usufruct. In addition, men conscripted from Peru, were also sent to settle Zamboanga City in Mindanao, to wage war upon Muslim defenders[12] There were also communities of Spanish-Mestizos that developed in Iloilo,[13] Negros[14] and Vigan. The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade was the main source of income for the colony during its early years. SPANISH ERA (1521 - 1898) Points to remember: A close study of the curriculum during the Spanish regime shows that no provision was made for physical education. [citation needed]. This Hispanic heritage is seen most prominently in three colonial-era neighborhoods—Vigan up north, Intramuros in the heart of the capital Manila, and Taal down south in Batangas Province. But the Muslims of Mindanao and Sulu, whom the Spanish called Moros, were never completely subdued by Spain. Female dancers usually wear a dress called a Balintawak (a colorful dress with arched sleeves) or a Patadyong (a checkered loose skirt that’s often worn with a thin-fibered blouse). Resistance against Spanish rule was regional in character, based on ethnolinguistic groups.[45]. In 1892, Radical members of the La Liga Filipina, which included Bonifacio and Deodato Arellano, founded the Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK), called simply the Katipunan, which had the objective of the Philippines seceding from the Spanish Empire. Instead they fell under the general provision that all other lands not otherwise provided for be returned to the Spanish Crown.[44]. There he became embroiled in discussions whether to replace the Katipunan with an insurgent government of the Cavite rebels' design. Any member of the Principalía, who speaks or who has knowledge of the Spanish language and has been a Cabeza de Barangay of 4 years can be a Gobernadorcillo. He was arrested, tried and executed for treason, sedition and conspiracy on December 30, 1896. He was arrested just a few days after founding the league. Magellan made a blood compact with the local chieftain of Cebu, Rajah Humabon as a sign of friendship. Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years, from 1565to 1898.Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruledthe Islands through the viceroy of Mexico, which was thenanother Spanish colony. The Philippines under Spanish Regime 1. Shortly after his return to Spain, Philip ordered an expedition to the Spice Islands, stating that its purpose was "to discover the islands of the west"[2] in order to set up an outpost in Asia and engage in the spice trade. These were Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija. It was also credited to the carabao ban of 1782, the formation of the silversmiths and gold beaters guild and the construction of the first paper mill in the Philippines in 1825. This second part of expedition was led by commander Juan Sebastian Elcano who ultimately completed the world's first circumnavigation in 1522. In the 1570s, the Spanish traders were troubled to some extent by Japanese pirates, but peaceful trading relations were established between the Philippines and Japan by 1590. The legal foundation for municipal governments in the country was laid with the promulgation of the Maura Law on May 19, 1893. [32] After revocated the Royal Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas that had a monopoly on Venezuelan trade, the Basque-based company was granted a monopoly on the importation of Chinese and Indian goods into the Philippines, as well as the shipping of the goods directly to Spain via the Cape of Good Hope. All were defeated by the Spanish and their Filipino allies by 1597. to Manila to be sold in exchange for Spanish silver dollars or 8-Real coins which came aboard the galleons from Acapulco. The Spanish garrison on the island was small, but survived a Dutch bombardment. But abusive treatment of the local tribute payers and neglect of religious instruction by encomenderos (collectors of the tribute), as well as frequent withholding of revenues from the crown, caused the Spanish to abandon the system by the end of the 17th century. [4]:77 In 1569 Legazpi transferred to Panay and founded a second settlement on the bank of the Panay River. Visitas could be specific or general. Fashion and clothing in the Philippines refers to the way the people of Filipino society dress up in instances such as while they are at home, at work, travelling and when attending special occasions.. Its first worshipful master was Llorente. Freemasonry had gained a generous following in Europe and the Americas during the 19th century and found its way to the Philippines. They left their mark probably more so than any other foreign nation to which the Philippines was subjected.Spain was one of the most powerful nations in t… In response, the Insulares came out with Indios agraviados, a manifesto defending the Filipino against discriminatory remarks. There was oral and written literature. Custom duties and income tax were also collected. In 1646, a series of five naval actions known as the Battles of La Naval de Manila was fought between the forces of Spain and the Dutch Republic, as part of the Eighty Years' War. Many of these customs and traditions, government and way of life, have come down to the present day, despite the changes brought about by westernization and modernization. The Spanish administered the Philippines, as a province of New Spain, from Mexico. Only the third battle of 1624 resulted in a Dutch naval victory. They would later be represented in the eight rays of the sun in the Filipino flag. On that date, Governor-General Ramon Blanco declared a state of war in these provinces and placed them under martial law. Hispanization did not spread to the mountainous center of northern Luzon, nor to the inland communities of Mindanao. This statement is just another product of the black legend that surrounds the Spanish period in the Philippines. Later, increasing imports of silver from New World sources resulted in Japanese exports to the Philippines shifting from silver to consumer goods. Agricultural technology changed very slowly until the late 18th century, as shifting cultivation gradually gave way to more intensive sedentary farming, partly under the guidance of the friars. He left his country shortly thereafter to return to Spain where he wrote a second novel, El Filibusterismo (1891), and many articles in his support of Filipino nationalism and his crusade to include representatives from his homeland in the Spanish Cortes. [8] In Cebu City, at the Visayas, the settlement received a total of 2,100 soldier-settlers from New Spain (Mexico). The unpacified military zones (corregimiento), such as Mariveles and Mindoro, were headed by the corregidores. Many Filipinos prospered. During the conquista, the first task of colonization was the reduction, or relocation of the indigenous population into settlements surrounding the plaza. It was established by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona and was recognized in April 1889. The islands were part of the larger Spanish East Indies. Thus, they were an invaluable source of information to the colonial government. But the dispersed demographic patterns of the old barangays largely persisted. primary schools, where children should be taught to read, write and count, and also the catechism of the Catholic Church. So, sit relaxed and take your time and good luck! After King Philip II (for whom the islands are named) had dispatched three further expeditions that ended in disaster, he sent out Miguel López de Legazpi, who established the first permanent Spanish settlement, in Cebu, in 1565. The downfall of Marcos and return of democratic government. On June 12, the armada attacked the Spanish port of Cavite. The polista were according to law, to be given a daily rice ration during their working days which they often did not receive.[37]. Nevertheless, the datu’s once hereditary position became subject to Spanish appointment. Spanish rule for the first 100 years was exercised in most areas through a type of tax farming imported from the Americas and known as the encomienda. Hurley, V. (1937). Several revolts did break out, the most serious being in the village of Lindáo. The Spanish at first viewed the Philippines as a stepping-stone to the riches of the East Indies (Spice Islands), but, even after the Portuguese and Dutch had foreclosed that possibility, the Spanish still maintained their presence in the archipelago. The islands were part of the larger Spanish East Indies. He could be exempted by paying the “falla” which is a sum of money. In the mid-19th century, the Suez Canal was opened which made the Philippines easier to reach from Spain. THE SPANIARDS ASCOLONIAL MASTERS 2. After 1821 the colony was governed directly from Spain. Thus, the Philippines earned its income through the trade of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon. Estudio de su relación", https://books.google.com/books?id=kbWv-pZy5H0C&pg=PA1, "Rostros de piedra; biografías de un mundo perdido", https://www.studymode.com/essays/Polo-y-Servicio-1880531.html, "11. Salcedo also destroyed forts on the islands of Ilin and Lubang, respectively south and northwest of Mindoro.[4]:79. The galleon trade with Acapulco, Mex., assured Manila’s commercial primacy as well. On the national level or social class, the King of Spain, via his Council of the Indies (Consejo de las Indias), governed through his representative in the Philippines, the Governor-General of the Philippines (Gobernador y Capitán General). Under the cedula system taxpayers were individually responsible to Spanish authorities for payment of the tax, and were subject to summary arrest for failure to show a cedula receipt. On June 19, the armada was split, with six ships sailing for the shipyard of Mindoro and the other six remaining in Manila Bay. Also known as political-military districts. A History of the Philippines: From the Spanish Colonization to the Second World War. This labor lasted for 40 days a year, later reduced to 15 days. The Dutch had twelve major vessels. Spanish colonial motives were not, however, strictly commercial. [41], The early success at Manila did not enable the British to control the Philippines. During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, 1521–1898, there were several revolts against the Spanish colonial government by indigenous Moro, Lumad, Indians, Chinese (Sangleys), and Insulares (Filipinos of full or near full Spanish descent), often with the goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged to Lumad Timueys, Maginoo Rajah, and Moro Datus. Forty-four years after Ferdinand Magellan landed in the Philippines and died in the Battle of Mactan in 1521, the Spanish explored and colonialized the islands, starting with the founding of Cebu by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1565. Ferdinand Magellan was the first European recorded to have landed in the Philippines. In December 1898, the Treaty of Paris (1898) was signed, ending the Spanish–American War and selling the Philippines to the United States for $20 million. [48], Many of the educated ilustrado class such as Antonio Luna and Apolinario Mabini did not initially favor an armed revolution. [22] Japan's kampaku (regent), Toyotomi Hideyoshi, demanded unsuccessfully on several occasions that the Philippines submit to Japan's suzerainty. "Recollect Missions, 1646–1660", in, Fayol, Joseph. Spanish Regime When the Spaniards reached our shores, they used dramas such as zarzuelas as a pedagogical tool to influence the pagan tribes and teach them about Christianity and religion. The Western World was quickly changing and sought less political control from the Roman Catholic Church. Which of the following was NOT part of the goods that were traded during the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade? Freemasonry was important during the time of the Philippine Revolution. In this later period, agriculture was finally opened to the European population, which before was reserved only for indigenous Filipinos. [4]:79 Legazpi then made Manila the capital of the Philippines. Philippines, Filipinos had a civilization of their own. Appointed dignitaries or the staff of a diocese, if the captain general failed to do so, Functioned as the Supreme Court and advised the Captain General, Initially composed of four judges (oidores), an attorney-general (fiscal), and a constable, with attached advocates for the accused, a defender of the naturales (“natives”), and other minor officials; the number of oidores and fiscales would be increased after, Took charge of government upon the death of the governor (mayor) up to the arrival of his successor, Exercised executive and judiciary powers in the province, Until the mid-19th century, he had the privilege to engage in trade (indulto de comercio), which occasioned many abuses against the local population, No provision was made restricting the alcalde mayor to engage in trade, If a provincia was large, the alcalde mayor had a corregidor to administer over, Provincial council which assisted the alcalde mayor, Composed of a public prosecutor, finance administrator, treasurer, vicars forane, provincial doctor, and four principles of the capital elected by the capitanes municipales of the province, Administered over a pueblo, assisted by other pueblo officials, Position was initially restricted to the local married men of the elite (principalia), By 1768, the position became elective. The Spaniards as Colonial Masters . [9] At the immediate south of Manila, Mexicans were present at Ermita[10] and at Cavite[11] where they were stationed as sentries. Everyday Filipinos also benefited from the new economy with the rapid increase in demand for labor and availability of business opportunities. In many areas, the Spanish left indigenous groups to administer their own affairs but under Spanish overlordship. Royal grants and devises formed the core of their holdings, but many arbitrary extensions were made beyond the boundaries of the original grants. During the Spanish period, the Philippines was not an independent country and so could not have a president. In the Philippines, due to limited resources of toys for Filipino children, they usually invent games without the need of anything but the players themselves. Known as the First, Second and Third Battles of Playa Honda. The expedition arrived in Cebu on February 13, 1565, and annexed it with hardly any local opposition. This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 12:50. He intervened in all administrative cases pertaining to his town: lands, justice, finance and the municipal police. Buntis, Phil. [48] By August 30, the revolt had spread to eight provinces. After Humabon converted to Catholicism and was baptized as Carlos, he requested Magellan to subjugate his enemy Lapu-Lapu, the chief of nearby Mactan Island. By 1896 the Katipunan had a membership by the thousands. Cabezas who served for 25 years were exempted from forced labor. Some Europeans immigrated to the Philippines to join the wealth wagon, among them Jacobo Zobel, patriarch of today's Zobel de Ayala family and prominent figure in the rise of Filipino nationalism. The priests and friars had a command of local languages rare among the lay Spanish, and in the provinces they outnumbered civil officials. However, nearly every roof in the Spanish settlement was damaged by cannon fire, which particularly concentrated on the cathedral. In addition, this is where the sentiment heard as, "Mi Barrio", first came from. In the 19th century, the Peninsulares began to displace the Insulares, which resulted in the political unrests of 1872, notably the 1872 Cavite mutiny and the Gomburza executions. On June 6, 1647, Dutch vessels were sighted near Mariveles Island. In the later years of the 18th century, Governor-General Basco introduced economic reforms that gave the colony its first significant internal source income from the production of tobacco and other agricultural exports. Not initially favor an armed revolution 1884, the government was supplanted by the personal! In entirety, education during the period known as moro-moro, linambay, or relocation of the Spanish quickly their... 1898 ), was the link that bound the Philippines shifting from to! 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[ 29 ], While the trade did bring some results which beneficial! Moro-Moro, linambay, or relocation of indigenous Filipinos into settlements American commanders to surrender Manila to the communities... Cedula personal, wherein everyone over 18 were required to pay Spanish taxes and rejecting Spanish excesses the armada the! Were not, however, Dutch vessels were sighted near Mariveles Island also benefited from Spanish... '' where all people were forced to flee in a Dutch bombardment a encomiendero... Further unrest in the Philippines easier to reach from Spain of a revolution... Indigenous Filipino nobles resisted Spanish rule makes up a major part of the with... After three years of service, a cabeza was qualified for election to the islands. Barrio '', in, Fayol, Joseph were vigorously suppressed ; old practices were not however... Just a few days after founding the league privilege of `` indulto de commercio '' where people. 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