Commissioned on August 1, 1940 into the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) as Prinz Eugen. An air attack was launched early on the 9th; twelve Fairey Albacore torpedo bombers attacked the ship in three groups, and Tirpitz successfully evaded the torpedoes. On 12 November 1944, British Lancaster bombers equipped with 12,000-pound (5,400 kg) "Tallboy" bombs scored two direct hits and a near miss which caused the ship to capsize rapidly. [73], The amidships hit caused significant flooding and quickly increased the port list to between 15 and 20 degrees. A caisson was built around the stern to allow the replacement of the ship's rudders. [19] British military intelligence, which was capable of decrypting the Enigma messages sent by the German navy, detected the departure of the vessel, but poor weather in Britain prevented action by the RAF. At this enquiry every individual in every ship present who saw the HOOD at or about the time of the blowing up should be fully interrogated."42. A very simple approximation, giving Hood a beam of 30 meters, would render a hit percentage in the vicinity of 30/190, or 15%.84. . [73] A force of 32 Lancasters from Nos. It is probably no coincidence that a very similar noiselessness was associated with the explosion of USS Arizona's propellant magazines at Pearl Harbor. This strikes me as quite remarkable. In late August the weather improved, allowing the Goodwood series of attacks. Prince of Wales' helmsman and commanders were watching her to ensure that proper position was maintained. A number of writers, including some members of the original boards of inquiry, have speculated that it was an explosion of torpedo warheads which directly or indirectly caused the loss of the ship. . . I am indebted to Nathan Okun for this table, who exercised considerable expertise and judgment in computing and checking the values therein. Presumably this was flame exiting from one of the large engine room exhausts located on the boat deck between the after control tower and the break of the superstructure. A repeat of Operation Tungsten, codenamed Operation Planet, was scheduled for 24 April. a huge flash came up all around 'Y' turret," he said, accompanied by ". It is therefore entirely possible that curious - and we hope considerate - men will gaze upon shape of "Mighty Hood" again. The bibliography reveals no reference to primary sources and - in the absence of further coorborative evidence - the author's conclusions might best be viewed somewhat skeptically. The Prinz Eugen carried 8 small boats on board, and the Aeronaut kit had ready-made plastic models of each. After that, he recalled that contact to the spotting top had been lost as well. . Hood's actual armor scheme was so complex that the computation of a regular immune zone is almost impossible. It must be noted however, that British double-based propellants, which contained a substantial amount of nitroglycerine in their makeup, were significantly more susceptible to ignition than their single-base American counterparts. Within two minutes of opening fire, Prinz Eugen's gunners had drawn blood. [48], The British were determined to neutralise Tirpitz and remove the threat she posed to the Allied arctic convoys. I… I never had an experience with my sisters like this. [f] Approximately 200 survivors of the sinking were transferred to the heavy cruiser Lützow in January 1945. [63] Two of the 15 cm turrets were destroyed by bombs, and both Ar 196 floatplanes were destroyed. . The RAF used Lancaster bombers to carry 6-short-ton (5.4 t) Tallboy bombs to penetrate the ship's heavy armour. . The flames were very fierce and very high . You should follow at your best speed." [18], Grand Admiral Erich Raeder, the commander of the Kriegsmarine, proposed on 13 November that Tirpitz be deployed to Norway. not available to give evidence to us. Work was completed in February 1941, when she was commissioned into the German fleet. His answer, based on trials, was "No, not unless it penetrated and detonated inside the mantlet. A statistical analysis of four-gun salvos with a 10% single shot hit probability shows that about 64% of such salvos would result in no hits, 31% would result in one hit, 5% would result in two hits, and only about 0.27% would result in three. ," he heard a shipmate say. At this point in the narrative, an unknown author has neatly penned in the word "apparently. Cruisers at this time had lost touch with the enemy in low visibility and snow storms. Observers aboard Prince of Wales watched as Hood steamed majestically through the resultant splashes. In retrospect this seems to have been an unfortunate decision, as they could hardly have helped but enhance the British position at dawn. . It is very unlikely that such a maneuver would have been required unless Prince of Wales had already commenced a turn of 2 blue herself. All range tables in this paper are derived from "Unterlagen" described in the bibliography. ", ADM 116/4351 p.394. The ships secretly exceeded the figure by a wide margin, though before either vessel was completed, the international treaty system had fallen apart following Japan's withdrawal in 1937, allowing signatories to invoke an "escalator clause" that permitted displacements as high as 45,000 long tons (46,000 t). narrative of the ensuing action reads as follows:10, "During the approach 'Hood' made 'G.I.C.' In many ways she was a lucky ship, surviving a number of actions without suffering major damage. It is known for certain that German windscreens could be detached on water impact, as one fetched up on destroyer, Other similar nose forms which serve the same purpose are known colloquially as "spades," "pickle barrels," and perhaps somewhat more officially as "kopfrings.". [46] Swedish intelligence had meanwhile reported the German departures to the British Admiralty, which ordered the convoy to disperse. The Naval Institute Press has recently published a book "The Bismarck Chase" by Robert J. Winklareth which covers the loss of Hood in some detail. "I saw a very vivid flash," he said. [60] Figures for the death toll vary from approximately 950 to 1,204. In rounded metric units, these were: Other values are 16,500 yards [15,087 meters] quoted in both Roberts and Bradford, and 21,130 yards [19,300 meters] scaled from a track chart in Grenfell. No way could PE think about towing Bismarck anywhere. . Other official figures83 give average four-gun pattern sizes for U.S. 14-in and 16-in [350mm and 406mm] guns as approximately 190 meters at our range of interest. [60] Several other bombs landed within the anti-torpedo net barrier and caused significant cratering of the seabed; this removed much of the sandbank that had been constructed to prevent the ship from capsizing. An attractive byproduct of this hypothesis is that it also lends itself to an easy explanation of the observation of witnesses that the fatal explosion seemed to originate in the vicinity of the mainmast rather than amongst the after magazines. Statistically, about 42% saw the explosion as originating forward of the mainmast, 16% saw it originating at the mainmast, and 21% either saw it originating aft of the mainmast or someplace else entirely. Although as late as 1940, Jane's Fighting Ships was stating that ". . Unfortunately it does not appear likely that a projectile from Bismarck could have penetrated to the magazines under these conditions. after full consideration of such points.". John Carslake, R.N., an explosives expert who testified on Friday, 29 August. the starting of it was a thin column of flame because it attracted my attention the way it shot into the air abaft the mainmast and before 'X' turret." seq. Robert E. Tilburn was lying down - the safest position for unoccupied personnel during action - on the boat deck on the port side just before Hood's port forward U.P. Two of the bombers were shot down by the German anti-aircraft defences. Even though the algorithms used for armor penetration are admittedly approximate, they do indicate that rather than being too thin, Hood's decks might have been just about ideal for the situation in which she found herself on the 24th of May. Drawing on a superb collection of rare and unpublished photographs the The 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen 1941 - 1945 is the 7th book in the Waffen-SS Images of War Series written by Ian Baxter. “And, well, it’s a little unfair that you happened to be the one in command...back then” I wave my hand vaguely. . Bradford pp. Thus a target within the immune zone was, theoretically at least, invulnerable to penetration of the vitals, and in that sense "safe" from enemy fire. Most importantly, the entire population of the port side of Prince of Wales, on the disengaged side and no doubt feeling a little cheated at missing the "real action," had little else to do but watch the giant battlecruiser perform. 17 October 1941 to 15 August 1945," pp. [57] The ship's two Arado Ar 196 floatplanes were completely destroyed. . Immediately after the explosion it is anticipated that the observer would have seen a gap in the ship's side, probably some 15 or 20 ft. radius down to the top of the 12-in belt. [59], The British were aware that Neumark and the repair crews left in March, which intimated Tirpitz was nearly operational. Petty Officer Lawrence Sutton saw the action from the port side of the Admiral's shelter deck on Prince of Wales. "This matter of the blowing up of the HOOD is one of the first importance to the Navy. An analysis of the track charts of the action indicates that at the fatal moment, assuming she had not begun the final turn, Hood's target angle would have been approximately 53°.52 For this angle, corresponding to a shot approaching from 37° forward of the beam, the resolved obliquity would have been approximately 43.85°.53 German armor penetration curves, redrawn below,54 indicate that at the predicted striking velocity of 530 meters per second, the penetration for an intact projectile into face-hardened armor would have been approximately 240mm. Thus the penetration values given here, are, if anything, somewhat optimistic. "38 The Admiralty, still reeling from the shock of the loss, chose to file the letter as part of the official record. [30], Several factors hindered Tirpitz's freedom of operation in Norway. 2, and all apart from one generator in generator room No. All times given are Zone -2. Until relatively recently, this paper might have been considered definitive. April 1919 wurde die Nuntiatur in München von Anhängern der Münchner Räterepublik, speziell der Eugen Leviné unterstellten Gruppe Pongratz, besetzt. [42] Escorting the convoy were the battleships Duke of York and USS Washington and the carrier Victorious. German eyes watched her through telescopes and periscopes aboard the Bismarck and Prinz Eugen. This damage was not discovered until the ship was drydocked some time after the action, and therefore the exact time and range at which the hit was scored is uncertain, although because the projectile apparently entered the hull from about 45° relative, it seems most probable that the hit occurred shortly after Hood was destroyed. British experience at the River Plate and elsewhere lead them to estimate the effective German fuze delay as being about 0.05 seconds. whole: Dimensions: 24cm., Pagination: viii, 361p., 24 leaves of plates: ill., maps, ports. 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen. PRINZ EUGEN to be salvaged Post by Ulrich Rudofsky » Mon Feb 20, 2006 10:51 pm There is a note in the new Schiffahrt International (a magazine that had been defunct for several years) about the raising of the Heavy Cruiser PRINZ EUGEN. To Able Seaman Tilburn, still lying down on Hood's boat deck, the explosion was almost unbelievably innocuous. Graf Zeppelin is the only German aircraft carrier available in World of Warships until the release of Update 0.9.6. The truth of the matter was that the United States didn’t really want the Prinz Eugen, but the ship was a liability and security risk that needed to be disposed of quickly. Shortly thereafter, the ship was damaged in an attack by British mini-submarines and subsequently subjected to a series of large-scale air raids. [28] Tirpitz was known as the "Lonely Queen of the North" because she was so rarely deployed,[29] and life for her crew was very monotonous.
(Server IP: theexiled.net) Minecraft.Buzz is not affiliated with Minecraft or Mojang AB. To take one example, on 26 December, 1943 the destroyer U.S.S. Tirpitz rapidly rolled over and buried her superstructure in the sea floor. Fifteen minutes later, Brownson sank. Some 1,430 t (1,410 long tons) of water flooded the ship in fuel tanks and void spaces in the double bottom of the port side, which caused a list of one to two degrees, which was balanced by counter-flooding on the starboard side. Those charged with inquiring into more modern disasters are by comparison usually virtually awash in a sea of data. Up to the time Hood exploded, Bismarck fired five, four-gun salvos, and achieved between one and three hits, giving her a raw hit percentage of about 2/20 or 10%. Naval Institute, 1985] gives the ranges from, E.g. I would like to extend Christmas greetings to all readers of wwiiafterwwii. 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